What life was like in New York City 100 years ago

Policewomen weren’t as common 100 years ago as they are now, but those that walked the police beat had an extremely distinct uniform. Policewomen wore floor-length skirts, along with tiny pillbox police hats.

While cars had become a fixture in New York City by the 1920s, there were still horse and buggies on the street, as well. Sharing the road was decidedly different from the carriages you see today parked alongside cars near Central Park: In 1920, this meant that there was a lot of horse manure—and even sometimes dead horses—on the street.

The famous Harlem Renaissance was flowering in this northern Manhattan neighborhood around a century ago. The movement saw many African American writers, activists, and artists concentrating in the neighborhood in a tremendously productive era.

Prohibition went into effect in 1920, driving legitimate New York City bars underground. After five years, there were estimated to be as many as 100,000 speakeasies throughout the city.

The “Five Families”—Italian mob crime houses—controlled much of the city’s activity in the 1920s. The primary neighborhoods they were located in included the Lower East Side, Brooklyn, and East Harlem.

The Yankees moved to New York in 1913. Although the team is widely known as one of the best in baseball today, 100 years ago they had yet to win one World Series, which would happen for the first time in 1923.

Unlike today, the streets of New York were quiet on Thanksgiving Day. The famous Macy’s parade, which today takes over huge swathes of the city, didn’t get its start until 1924.

Although some early skyscrapers dotted the city landscape, the true skyscraper boom had not happened yet a century ago and the New York City skyline was notably shorter than it is today. The most famous buildings today, including the Chrysler Building, wouldn’t be built for another decade.

Today, transcontinental flights are common. But 100 years ago, travelers to California took to the seas instead of the air, going through the Panama Canal.

One of the peak immigration periods at Ellis Island took place from 1908 to 1914, with 5,000 to 10,000 people passing through each day. During World War I, suspected enemies and radicals from other countries were detained at Ellis Island. The receiving center was reopened for normal inspections in 1920; that year, 225,206 immigrants came through. Today, Ellis Island survives as a museum.

The Lower East Side is home to luxury condos today, but 100 years ago the near-opposite was true. Millions—mainly immigrants—lived in slums called tenements, which often lacked light or proper ventilation.

Tabloids are common all over America today, but in 1919, the first tabloid was coming out of New York City. The New York Daily News covered the scandals of politicians, celebrities, and socialites alike.

The famous dance the Charleston was sweeping New York a century ago. The exuberant dance move was shown on stages across Harlem, before making its way to Broadway and beyond.

Although she is commonly associated with New Mexico, Georgia O’Keefe actually lived in New York 100 years ago. Fittingly, a black-and-white color scheme would come to dominate both her attire and her work from the time.

New York City organ grinders—who raised money cranking a small hand organ on the street—were fixtures a century ago. Roughly 5% of Italian men living in the Five Points section of Manhattan were organ grinders in 1880, and often had live monkeys tethered to them to draw crowds. Organ grinders were outlawed in 1936 by Mayor Fiorello La Guardia.

New York City is covered in traffic lights today, but this wasn’t always the case. The first box-type street lights in Manhattan didn’t go up until 1920. Their intent was to replace police officers at every corner telling motorists when they could and could not go.

Nathan’s Hot Dogs may be ubiquitous and famous now, but 100 years ago, the brand was just starting out. The founder opened his eponymous hot dog stand on Coney Island in 1916.

On the heels of the devastating influenza pandemic of 1918 came a new, if less deadly, ailment that killed millions around the world. The so-called “Sleepy Sickness”—scientific name Encephalitis lethargica, meaning "inflammation of the brain that makes you tired," hit young women particularly hard and manifested as drowsiness, lethargy, and hallucinations. 

Although there are certainly no shortage of questionable goods on the New York marketplace today, one item from around a century years ago takes the cake. One man who had lost his leg in an accident put out an ad for a replacement leg and was offered several in return. Other seemingly odd items for sale at the time? An early incarnation of GPS (actually maps folded into a watch), "Machine-Age" items being mass produced for the first time like radios and cars, and tickets to newly formed New York City theaters.

New Yorkers put their own spin on Halloween, and on Thanksgiving, nonetheless. City children dressed in costumes and asked strangers for candy.

Today’s Penn Station leaves much to be desired aesthetically. But this was not the case 100 years ago, when the original station—demolished beginning in 1963—was made of pink marble in a beautiful Beaux Arts design.

Today’s travelers to Times Square know that the area is alit with neon and billboards. But 100 years ago, the technology didn’t exist to keep Times Square lit the same way all night, so it was a much more peaceful affair than it is today.

Today, it is home to some of the priciest real estate in the city. But a century years ago, Greenwich Village was home to many immigrants starting out with small businesses, some of whose shopfronts still exist today among the multimillion dollar townhomes and condos.

The corrupt New York City political machine Tammany Hall was still in power 100 years ago. Although its influence had waned from its height several decades before, it wasn’t until Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia’s term began in 1934 that the organization really lost the majority of its power.

Although a city law enacted in 1910 theoretically said that new construction had to have indoor bathrooms, in 1937, it was found that well over 100,000 New York families still did not have access to indoor plumbing.

In 1920, a wagon parked outside of a Wall Street building in the middle of the night exploded. Anarchists were blamed for the more than 30 resulting deaths, but the FBI never found anyone specific to arrest for the crime.

For the first time, Brooklyn began catching up to Manhattan in a significant metric. The census in 1920 showed an increase in population that continued trending: By 1930, Brooklyn overtook Manhattan as the city's most populous borough.

The Plaza Hotel is commonly associated with the Jazz Age writer F. Scott Fitzgerald. And it's no wonder: His characters would have felt right at home drinking champagne on the “champagne porch” outside the Plaza Hotel, which is featured in Fitzgerald’s most famous novel, "The Great Gatsby."

New York City's most famous magazine in 1920 was five years away from being published. New Yorker's founder, Harold Ross, first published the iconic weekly in 1925.

Today, Broadway—a beloved tourist institution and destination—has been shuttered due to the coronavirus pandemic and will remain that way through at least the rest of 2020. Back in 1920, the future was looking bright for all things Broadway. With films (centered around plot) gaining popularity, some of the biggest Broadway acts of the day were music revues featuring big-name actors performing song and dance. Theater hit a snag by 1927—when film met sound and talkies became all the rage—but managed to rebound with its own identity decidedly separate from motion pictures.